" My question is, how successful is chemotherapy and why is PSA of 13.8 bad when people can one in the 1000s."
Broadly speaking chemo is successful in producing a lasting remission in about a third of cases. Another third get some response but it doesn't last very long. Maybe a few months. The final third get little or no response except perhaps for pain relief ( if there are painful mets.).
Sometimes the chemo does seem to allow another round of HT to be helpful so although the chemo may appear to have done little, some help is seen with HT afterwards.
As the P.Ca. mutates, particularly in an aggressive case ( e.g. Gleason 10 ) sometimes the offspring cells produce little or no psa. Thus psa figures become less relevant and scan results and symptoms become the guide to treatments chosen.
"His PSA was checked at the end of his treatment and it was 7.4, it was checked again last week (5weeks after treatment) and it is 13.8"
It is possible that the R/T caused a flare in psa figures. As R/T takes effect this has been noted.
Sounds like the scans have been scheduled to give the R/T time to take best effect. And will thus give a clearer picture.
Hope this clarifies a bit more for you.