As Andy says prostate diagnosis, PSA tests, scans, biopsies and Gleason scores can still be woefully inaccurate.
I was initially diagnosed Gleason 6 (3+3), low volume, prostate confined, T2a. I was put on active surveillance. My PSA remained steady at about 6. However only 20 months later, when I chased them up for a follow up MRI it showed disease progression and a second biopsy gave me a combination of Gleason scores from 7 (3+4), 7 (4+3), 8 (4+4) to 8 (3+5). It also showed capsular breach. What the hell's going on I thought!
They eventually rounded it up to Gleason 8 (3+5). I believe when there are multiple grades they use the one with the highest which is obviously 5.
Anyway, I ended up having surgery, my final post-op result was T3a, capsular breach, Gleason 9 (4+5).
That was 3 years ago, fortunately since then my PSA has remained undetectable, touchwood. However, I am aware of quite a high chance of recurrence, sometime in the future.
Apparently it is very rare for an ACCURATE Gleason score to progress to a higher grade. It is usually inaccurate biopsies that miss the more cancerous cells.
For such a common and potentially lethal disease it seems ridiculous that the 'tools' to diagnosis it can be so flawed.